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Green Social Prescribing: Community-Centered Path to Health And Belonging 

Ayan Mohamed, Nadha Hassen, Kobisha Rajeswaran, Kate Mulligan

Dec 17, 2025
Canada-wide
Toronto, Ontario

Credit: Little Community Garden, Sparking Change program participant

When we think of healthcare, we frequently picture hospitals, prescription drugs, and waiting areas. But what if the journey to recovery also included strolls in the park or gardening with your neighbours? 

Park People views community and connection as a powerful tool for improving health and wellbeing. This is the essence of green social prescribing, an evolving practice that encourages individuals to reestablish connections with nature and one another to enhance their mental, physical, and social wellbeing.  

“The thing about parks and ravines and natural areas is that they really deliver on a lot of public good. I mentioned physical health. Obviously, you’re active, you’re getting exercise, fresh air. Mental health is huge. You know, I live close to High Park, which is clost to St Joseph’s Hospital, and I think of St Joe’s and High Park as the two key health care providers in my neighborhood, physical health, mental health, social cohesion, particularly in a city like Toronto.”

City of Toronto staff

What is Green Social Prescribing? 


Green social prescribing involves connecting individuals to nature-based programs and activities in the community, such as gardening, cultural gatherings, walking clubs, or arts in the park, to enhance their overall wellbeing1

It’s about healing through connection with nature, with those around us, and with ourselves. 

Such programs are not limited to clinics. They happen on the ground where individuals reside and gather. They are led by community leaders and passionate residents who understand what matters most to their neighbourhoods. 

Traditionally, this model follows a pathway: a healthcare professional identifies a need, a link worker supports the person in exploring their interests and then connects them to community-based, nature-focused activities2. In this pathway, community programs serve as the social intervention, which allows the prescription to come to life. 

A Link Worker (also referred to as a community connector, navigator, or coordinator) is a committed support person who ridges health and social care. They work with individuals to identify needs, set goals, and overcome barriers, while connecting them to community resources. Link Workers establish trust, co-create plans, and work alongside healthcare and social service providers, offering wraparound support as part of broader care team.

2023 Park People Conference

Why It Matters- Especially now 

The prevalence of social isolation, anxiety, and burnout is increasing4. For numerous individuals, particularly those from racialized, immigrant, and low-income communities, accessing mental health services continues to be a challenge and poses several barriers5.

That’s where green social prescribing provides something impactful:
 

A low-barrier, culturally relevant, and empowering journey to wellbeing
 

Research indicates that time spent in nature can alleviate stress, anxiety, and depression6. A study discovered that spending as little as 20 minutes in a park can greatly reduce cortisol levels, the hormone associated with stress.

Yet, beyond the scientific aspects, what Park People offers is this: supports for individuals reconnect with the environment, their culture, and one another.  

 
Sparking Change as a Social Intervention 

Park People’s Sparking Change program wasn’t launched as a “green social prescribing” initiative. Rather, it represents the social intervention side of the pathway, the very kinds of community-led activities that people could one day be referred to in a healthcare-linked system. 

Through cultural events, gardening, peer-led walks, and more, community champions are offering their own version of care rooted in place, culture, and joy. The program supports people to form groups that can organize activities in their local parks regularly over time, builds their capacity to advocate for improvements in their green spaces, and fosters partnerships to expand the range of activities and opportunities that community groups can take part in.

“We have witnessed firsthand the positive impacts that well-maintained parks and greenspace have on the health and wellbeing of our neighborhood’s residents. Through Sparking Change, we have worked to ensure that outdoor spaces are more inclusive and accessible, promoting physical activity, mental health, and bringing people together.”

Community member

In 2024, Sparking Change supported over 50 groups to activate greenspaces across Toronto. Together, they organized 110 days of programming and reached 3,300+ people. Nearly all participants (96%) reported stronger community connections7 and a large majority (80%) also said that through Sparking Change they feel a sense of belonging to their community.

A Way Forward 

Green social prescribing does not aim to replace traditional healthcare, rather, it seeks to expand our understanding of the various ways care can be experienced. It serves as a reminder that wellness does not only exist in clinics or hospitals, but can also be found in everyday settings: a nearby ravine, a community garden, or a group of neighbours gathered in the park. 

At Park People, we’ve seen how community-led initiatives can reduce isolation, improve mental health, and bring joy through simple acts of gathering, caring, and connecting to nature.  

“It’s been an eye opener and adventure locating and navigating Toronto’s beautiful parks, our seniors group facial expressions after entering the park, and seing such a wonderful site of luscious greenspaces with some of nature’s animals all around. Conversations of how good it feels to be in such a peaceful and serene place, offers a sense of wellbeing for us all. Thank you Park People.

Community member

The challenge and opportunity is to build stronger bridges between community-led interventions like Sparking Change and the healthcare system. How can initiatives like Sparking Change be more connected to the healthcare system?  What would it look like for healthcare providers to prescribe a walking group in a local park? How might link workers and healthcare providers collaborate with community champions to ensure people get referred to programs that reflect their needs, languages, and culture? 

To make this vision possible, future steps could include: 

  • Referral partnerships between healthcare providers and community organizations. 
  • Sustainable funding models to ensure programs like Sparking Change can thrive long-term. 
  • Awareness within the healthcare system, so providers see the benefits of nature-based activities and community-based programs as legitimate forms of care. 
  • Equity-focused access, ensuring the needs of racialized, immigrant, and other marginalized or equity-seeking communities are included in program design and delivery. 

By making these connections, cities can unlock the potential of green social prescribing.  

Because when we invest in community care in every aspect, we’re not only creating healthier cities;  

We’re fostering a sense of belonging.  

References 

  1. England N. NHS England » Green social prescribing [Internet]. [cited 2025 Aug 4]. Available from: https://www.england.nhs.uk/personalisedcare/social-prescribing/green-social-prescribing/ 
  1. Marx V, More KR. Developing Scotland’s First Green Health Prescription Pathway: A One-Stop Shop for Nature-Based Intervention Referrals. Frontiers in psychology. 2022 Apr 5;13:817803. 
  2. Canadian Institute for Social Prescribing . Social prescribing link worker competency framework [Internet]. [cited 2025 Aug 28]. Available from: https://www.socialprescribing.ca/link-worker-competency-framework    
  3. CAMH [Internet]. [cited 2025 Aug 15]. Anxiety, feelings of depression and loneliness among Canadians spikes to highest levels since spring 2020. Available from: https://www.camh.ca/en/camh-news-and-stories/anxiety-depression-loneliness-among-canadians-spikes-to-highest-levels 
  4. Public Health Infobase – Public Health Agency of Canada [Internet]. [cited 2025 Aug 15]. Highlights – Inequalities in mental health, well-being and wellness in Canada. Available from: https://health-infobase.canada.ca/mental-health/inequalities/ 
  5. Jimenez MP, DeVille NV, Elliott EG, Schiff JE, Wilt GE, Hart JE, et al. Associations between Nature Exposure and Health: A Review of the Evidence. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2021 Apr 30;18(9):4790. 
  6. Hunter MR, Gillespie BW, Chen SYP. Urban Nature Experiences Reduce Stress in the Context of Daily Life Based on Salivary Biomarkers. Frontiers in Psychology. 2019 Apr 4;10. 
  7. 2024 Impact report: Activating Parks, Building Community, and Creating Change. Available from: https://parkpeople.ca/2024-impact-report/

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