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This contribution from Emily Rendell-Watson is part of Park People’s 10 Years Together in City Parks. The series has been edited by Dylan Reid with illustrations from Park People’s own Jake Tobin Garrett.

How stakeholders collaborated to design the country’s first urban Indigenous cultural site

Edmonton, or Amiskwaciy Waskahikan, will soon be home to Canada’s first urban Indigenous ceremonial site.

Kihciy askiy, which means “sacred land” in Cree, is located in the heart of Alberta’s capital city on a 4.5-hectare site in Whitemud Park. The park is situated in Edmonton’s river valley and will be a spot where Indigenous communities can gather for ceremonies and sweat lodges, grow medicinal herbs, as well as facilitate learning for non-Indigenous people about Indigenous culture.

“We’re living in the era of reconciliation and as a part of that reconciliation we have to create positive relationships with settlers, so this is going to go a long way,” explained Lewis Cardinal, the project manager for the site from the Indigenous Knowledge & Wisdom Centre (IKWC).

“We deal with issues today like racism and discrimination, but a lot of that is based on ignorance, or simply not knowing people’s traditions and being led by misinformation. This gives an opportunity to provide that direct and personal interaction with (Indigenous culture).”

Lewis Cardinal

Cardinal added that it will be equally as important for the site to act as a hub for local Indigenous communities to come together, especially for those who are seeking healing from addictions, abuse, or other trauma.

“This is how we can help to transform these things into something very positive; strengthen people and strengthen relationships,” he said.

Access to cultural activities

The project, which is a partnership between the IKWC and the City of Edmonton, was initially proposed by Cardinal and elder William Campbell in 2006 with the aim to establish a place where Indigenous ceremonies could be held within the city.

Credit: Rendering of the view from the entrance to the pavilion building from the City of Edmonton

The land where kihciy askiy is being built on the west side of Edmonton is on what’s known as the old Fox Farms property, and historically was a place where Indigenous people would camp before entering the city, and pick saskatoons. Oral tradition talks about how across Whitemud Creek to the east of kihciy askiy is a large ochre deposit site, which is significant because ochre was an important part of Indigenous ceremonies in the past — it was mixed with berries and pigments to create colour.

The area was used off and on over the years for ceremonies, including an international Indigenous conference called Healing Our Spirit Worldwide. But each time the Indigenous community wanted to use the land, Cardinal said they had to apply for permission from the city — leading the elders counsel who guided the conference to wonder if it was possible to permanently have access to a plot of land in the urban centre.

Cardinal, Campbell, and a group of elders created a non-profit organization called the Edmonton Indigenous Cultural Resource Counsel to move the initiative forward and began to have more serious discussions with the city about how to make the project a reality.

Some were in favour of hosting ceremonies within the city, while others were against it, so in 2010 the organization decided to gather 120 Indigenous elders from across Alberta to discuss the opportunity over three days. The group also considered what specific ceremonies should be held in cities, and where they should be located.

“The response to the first question was, yes, we need to have ceremonies available to our families and our youth and our community in the urban centres because we know that in the near future, most of our people will be living in urban centres and they need access to these cultural activities and ceremonies in an environment that is embraced by Mother Earth,” Cardinal explained.

“In other words, you can’t have ceremonies in the parking lot of a Walmart.”

The project was eventually taken on by Native Counselling Services of Alberta (NCSA), which kicked off a process of continuous dialogue, and the establishment of the Counsel of Elders to work with the team during the design and construction of the site, as well as provide spiritual and cultural leadership for the project.

Group blessing ceremony
Credit photo: kihciy askiy Ground Blessing ceremony, Teresa Marshall

NSCA hosted grand council gatherings for Indigenous spiritual leaders in the Edmonton region at the Alfred H. Savage Centre in May 2015 and again in October 2018 to review and approve of the concept design, go over ceremony protocols for the site, and broadly discuss ceremonial and spiritual needs of the Indigenous community in the region.

In 2018, NCSA underwent a structural reorganization and the decision was made to move the project over to IKWC, recalls Cardinal, which is when he was asked to manage it on a full-time basis.

“The elders have always taught me that you bear responsibility for your dreams and visions. So if you’re bringing this dream and vision forward for yourself, or for a group of people, you still have that commitment to it. So it was quite lovely to get back in and start to work with the elders and bring it to this point.”

Lewis Cardinal

One of those elders is Howard Mustus, chair of kihciy askiy’s Counsel of Elders, and traditional knowledge keeper. He said he hopes the project will help to minimize racism, as non-Indigenous people absorb and accept Indigenous traditions and culture.

“We encourage non-Indigenous people to come in and sit with us in our sacred circles and to learn more about indigenous law. That stems from the sanctioning of spirituality, which is very important to our people. That is the ultimate power and authority that dictates how we conduct ourselves and how we function as a society for caring and sharing in a holistic manner,” said Mustus.

Credit photo: kihciy askiy Ground Blessing ceremony, Teresa Marshall

A ground blessing (instead of a groundbreaking ceremony) was hosted in September 2021 to mark the beginning of construction and honour the relationship between all the stakeholders involved in the creation of kihciy askiy, which has a budget of $4.5 million. It was also an opportunity to “seek blessing from Mother Earth in allowing construction to take place,” which involved tying ribbons to a tree to signify connections and respect to the earth.

Construction on the land, led by Delnor Construction, officially began in mid-November and is expected to take 18 to 24 months to complete.

Engagement and collaboration

The relationships formed through the process have been key to kihciy askiy’s success thus far, including influencing how the site was developed.

Nav Sandhu, program manager with the City of Edmonton, said the social procurement aspect involved considering how potential contractors engage their teams or sub-trades to incorporate Indigenous communities. That meant hiring an Indigenous human resources coordinator and working with Indigenous-owned businesses to tackle the mechanical and landscaping aspects of the project.

“Social procurement is relatively new when you look at the construction industry, and it’s something that I think that we’re moving aggressively towards. It’s great to see the city be a leader in ensuring that the partners and the people that are going to be using it have a voice at the table to say (what’s going to benefit them).”

Nav Sandhu

“Projects like these, where the social impact is so significant, take a lot of collaboration.”

The development process also involved getting consensus from representatives of the more than 50 Indigenous communities who will be able to use the site and adjusting several parkland policies to allow for development in Edmonton’s river valley and access to the area for Indigenous cultural activities.

As the owner of the land, the city will construct two buildings on kihciy askiy, which will house changing rooms, washrooms, a small classroom to host land-based education, a meeting space, and a storage facility. There will also be an outdoor amphitheatre.

Cardinal said the goal is to naturalize the space and “not make a huge footprint on the site.”

There will also be a teepee area, with enough space for 10-12 teepees or Métis trapper tents, to hold storytelling ceremonies.

Credit photo: kihciy askiy Tipi and site v2, Teresa Marshall

Two fire pit structures will be able to support two sweat lodges simultaneously, with space for up to eight in total. Sweat lodges offer a ceremonial space that’s integral to Indigenous culture, which is important because the Indigenous groups in the Edmonton region have many different traditions surrounding the purification practice.

“Sweat lodge holders have been taught differently from their ancestors, or the ones who’ve transferred that ceremony to them. So we have to make sure that there is accessibility for all of those users,” Cardinal explained.

Once kihciy askiy is complete, Indigenous people in Edmonton won’t have to travel out of the city to Paul Band, or Enoch or Alexander First Nation to participate in a sweat.

The third element will be a medicine garden, building off of the traditional medicines accessible in the river valley, which is one of the reasons the site was chosen. It will be used as a teaching area, as well as a place to harvest things like sage, tobacco, sweetgrass, and more for elders.

Finally, a multi-purpose space will offer an alternative locale for Indigenous ceremonies and other traditional structures that may need to be built for some First Nation traditions.

“It will also be the place where we can do some teaching for non-Indigenous people, to welcome them to our ceremonies and to give them an introduction to our Indigenous worldviews and our history. It’s a great opportunity to create those interfaces to teach people about things,” explained Cardinal, who added that there will also be what they’re calling an “open program” where sweat lodges will be open to the public.

“The whole site is intended to foster good relations, help Indigenous people reconnect to the land and the teachings that come from the land, as well as to their culture, traditions, and history.”

Lewis Cardinal

Indigenous organizations and agencies will also be able to use the site to deliver their own cultural programming.

Cardinal said the only other park site he knows of that is remotely similar to kihciy askiy is Jasper National Park’s Cultural Use Area, which is an area developed by the Jasper Indigenous Forum and Parks Canada for Indigenous partners to reconnect with the land, and host cultural learning and ceremonies.

The site, which has been used since June 2013, is not open to the general public.

‘A safe haven’

Once construction on kihciy askiy is complete, IKWC will run the site. People will be able to access it by various means of transportation, including bus, which was an important factor in solidifying the site location, said Cardinal.

Cardinal, Mustus, and Sandu all envision the site as an important pillar for the Indigenous community in terms of offering a way to uphold traditions within the Edmonton region. The partnerships that were key to developing the site will continue, and new ones will hopefully be formed between the Indigenous communities who use it and non-Indigenous people who are eager to learn.

“Kihciy askiy offers a safe haven for the community. I don’t think it’s going to be the last (project of this kind) — I think you’re gonna see a trend of these in the coming years … to bridge that gap,” Sandhu said.

“I think this is a significant step towards truth and reconciliation that needed to happen.”

About Emily Rendell-Watson

Emily Rendell–Watson is an Edmonton-based multimedia journalist who is currently the Editorial Lead & Community Manager of Taproot Edmonton, a publication that seeks to help its community understand itself better.

She writes about tech innovation, urban issues, climate change, and anything else that comes across her desk. When she’s not chasing a story, you can find her coaching speed skating or adventuring in the backcountry with her rescue dog, Abby. 

Parks are not “nice to have,” they are critical social, health, and environmental infrastructure for Toronto. City parks are lifelines in extreme heat waves. Social connectors in an age of increasing polarization. Keepers of biodiversity despite ever fragmenting urban landscapes. 

To meet the biggest challenges we face in Toronto—climate change, biodiversity loss, social polarization, rising inequality—we need whole new ways to plan, design, manage, program, and govern parks. This shift requires doing things differently. It requires ensuring proper funding, sharing decision-making power, addressing inequities head-on, and prioritizing action on truth and reconciliation with Indigenous peoples. 

As Toronto faces the upcoming mayoral by-election in June, we urge candidates for Mayor to accelerate the transition to a more equitable, resilient future for city parks by working with us on the ideas presented in this platform.  

Money Matters

Credit: Jeff Tessier – Amateur Athletic Association, Hamilton.

All of the ideas in this platform require us to invest more time and money into city parks. In our 2022 survey of residents of Canadian cities, 87% said they support more investment in parks.

Responsible for 60% of Canada’s infrastructure, municipalities like Toronto receive only 10 cents on every tax dollar. 

And, the provincial government’s drastic changes to park levies and planning rules under Bill 23 will further diminish park budgets and reduce the amount of parkland created to support new growth. 

All three levels of government, each of which have responsibilities for our natural environment and human health, need to come to the table. This is easier said than done. The multiple benefits of parks—health, environmental, social, economic—actually make it harder to invest at the scale we need to. Why? Because the benefits of investing in parks are distributed across many different ministries and government departments, each of which are accountable for their own budgets and plans. That is why we need to support governments to pursue an ambitious, whole-of-government approach to investment in Toronto parks.

Investing more in city parks is not an imposition or an obligation. It is an opportunity to transform Toronto for the better. 

  

Invest in the co-benefits of parks for climate resilience and adaptation, nature connection, and biodiversity

What we know:  Ontario Place must remain a Public Waterfront Park

Big dome near water
Credit: Ontario Place, Toronto, Clémence Marcastel, August 2021

  • Ontario Place is a beautiful, free, open and accessible waterfront park that is used by more than a million people every year. With Toronto already facing challenges meeting the essential green space needs of its growing population, it is vital to keep Ontario Place a public park.  
  • And yet this amazing public asset is now at risk with the provincial government’s plan to relocate the Ontario Science Centre and push forward the development of a massive, unaffordable, 85,000 square metre private spa supported by well over half a billion dollars in taxpayer money including a 2,000 car underground garage. 
  • This redevelopment proposal will lead to the destruction of 850 trees and natural habitats, which runs counter to municipal and federal climate goals and commitment to halt biodiversity loss.  

Policy Directions:

  • Toronto must pressure the provincial government to reverse its plans and use every policy tool at its disposal to stop the spa development and keep Ontario Place a public park. Public interest, not commercial interest, must drive a new vision for Ontario Place. 

Further reading:

What we Know: Parks Mitigate Climate Impacts and are key to Toronto Climate Adaptation

People walking in ravines
Credit: Marleeville Collective and Lee’s Indigenous Boutique event (InTO the Ravines grantees), Bonnyview Ravine, Toronto.

People living in Toronto will need to adapt to hotter, wetter and more unpredictable climates. Climate change is here and is already impacting our city. With the right investment, parks can serve as climate infrastructure and provide people with critical places of refuge in hot, dense cities where a major health crisis is unfolding. 

  • Toronto’s summers are only expected to get hotter, which will lead to more heat-related deaths. This will disproportionately impact lower income, racialized communities that have fewer and lower quality green spaces.
  • The time when parks could be a few trees and grassy fields is past. We must update how we plan and design parks to better equip them to help us mitigate and adapt to climate change. Toronto has some great examples to draw from like Corktown Common, which is designed to manage flooding. But these parks are the exception, not the rule.

At the same time, people are seeking out nature more for its mental and physical health benefits. People want more places to experience nature close to home: 71% of survey respondents said they value visiting naturalized spaces within a 10-minute walk of home, such as a native plant garden or small meadow. In fact, 87% of respondents said they were in favour of more native plant species within parks—the second most requested amenity after public washrooms. Toronto’s Ravine Strategy offers a strong road-map for ensuring these vital, biodiverse natural habitats are safeguarded for the future and enjoyed by residents, but funding has remained limited. 

Policy Directions: 

Invest in the co-benefits of naturalized spaces as climate resilience infrastructure, urban biodiversity habitat and vital nature connections in Toronto. 

  • Accelerate funding for the Ravine Strategy with a focus on:
    • Critical restoration projects to ensure biodiversity and natural habitats are safeguarded.
    • Increasing accessibility and wayfinding through new and improved access points, signage, maps, and education about how to explore the ravines safely while respecting sensitive habitats.
    • Investment in ravine programming to help communities connect to nature in the ravines safely, which could include funding for community leaders to devise local initiatives.
  • Create more naturalized spaces close to where people live, such as native plant gardens and mini-meadows, to increase nature connection, climate resilience, and urban biodiversity. Include:
    • Funding for stewardship and educational opportunities in collaboration with Indigenous peoples and organizations who hold knowledge about these plants and how they fit into a larger kinship network of species. 
    • Prioritization for investments in equity-deserving neighbourhoods that have lower levels of green space and tree canopy.
  • Adopt publicly available climate resilience standards as part of every municipal Request for Proposals for new or redesigned Toronto parks. Standards should include:
    • Standards for rainwater capture and reuse (e.g., bioswales, permeable pavers).
    • Percentage of naturalized space, tree canopy coverage, and native plants.
    • On-site educational opportunities (e.g., signage, programming).

Further reading:

Fund core amenities and prioritize equity-deserving communities 

What we Know: Parks in Toronto’s Equity-Deserving Communities are Under Resourced

People sharing a meal in a park
Credit: Thorncliffe Park Autism Support Network, RV Burgess Park, Toronto, 2022.

There is a clear and growing disparity in who has access to quality green spaces in Toronto. As COVID laid bare, equity-deserving communities face complex, interrelated health crises. Toronto must recognize how race, income and the built environment conspire to make parks a pressing environmental justice issue in our city.

  • Park planning has long tracked development growth to guide investment. This has led to a growing disparity between who has access to quality green spaces and who does not because it ignores other important factors like income levels and climate change impacts. 
  • While Toronto started to move forward with an equity framework in the 2019 Parkland Strategy, concrete actions still remain limited. Recent research shows that neighbourhoods with higher proportions of racialized and lower income residents don’t have the same access to quality green spaces as whiter, wealthier neighbourhoods in Toronto. 

Park Policy Directions:

  • Equity frameworks must be embedded into park plans, and resources must be focused on equity-deserving communities where there has been historic underinvestment in parks. The following data should be used and made transparent to direct new park investments:
    • Income
    • Race and ethnicity (e.g., proportion of racialized residents)
    • Climate justice (e.g,. tree canopy coverage, urban heat islands)
    • Public health (e.g., chronic disease prevalence, mental health indicators)
    • Housing type/tenure (e.g., apartments, single-family houses)
    • Historical investment and disinvestment patterns 
  • In Toronto, the 2019 Parkland Strategy includes new measures such as income, but in order to create transparency and accountability, Toronto should follow Vancouver’s lead in not only collecting richer data, but making the information readily accessible to communities to help guide investment.

What we Know: Lack of Basic Amenities in Toronto Parks Restricts Use 

Usable parks are the bar for entry. Toronto’s parks maintenance and operating budget has not kept pace with use and demand. There’s an urgent need to increase park operating budgets to ensure basic amenities like bathrooms and water are standard in every single Toronto park.

Broken bench
Credit: High Park, Toronto, Clémence Marcastel
  • In Toronto, park washrooms are frequently closed in the winter and locked early in the summer. This failure restricts park use and contributes to accessibility barriers. Toronto has just 6.4 washrooms per 100,000, less than half the national average of 13.1. Of the 178 washrooms available, only 45 are open in the winter. 
  • Drinking fountains are dormant until late June even though our changing climate means we experience warmer weather earlier. Anger around this reached a boiling point this summer.

Park Policy Directions:

Spending on park operating budgets must start to keep pace with demand. It is basic: amenities like bathrooms and water must be the standard in every single Toronto park, with a priority focus on equity-deserving and high-use parks. Investments in basic amenities that promote park use must include: 

  • All-season washroom access with longer open hours.
  • Working water fountains & bottle fill-up stations. 
  • Daily maintenance including garbage removal and basic repairs.
  • Rain-shelter and shade structures to support all-weather use. 

Further reading:

Updated Park Governance is Key to Inclusive Parks   

There is an urgent need for new models of Toronto Park governance rooted in shared decision-making power. We need a new way of managing city parks that are more inclusive, and community-focused, and respect the land rights of Indigenous peoples and the knowledge of communities. 

What we Know: Unhoused Toronto Constituents Deserve Humane Treatment in Parks

Tagged bench
Credit: Bench with centre bars to prevent lying down in Winchester Park Toronto
  • We found that nearly two-thirds of city residents who noticed a park encampment did not feel it negatively impacted their personal use of parks.
  • There is no easy answer to park encampments, but we know there are alternatives to the violent encampment clearances we saw in Toronto in the summer of 2021. In 2021, City Council rejected a motion to co-create a strategy with encampment residents—this was a mistake.

Policy Directions:

  • Toronto must fulfill its human rights obligations to people sheltering in parks as outlined in the UN National Protocol for Encampments in Canada—and as Toronto organizations called for in a joint statement. The city needs to act on the Ombudsman’s recommendations.
  • Toronto must develop an encampment strategy in collaboration with unhoused residents and community partners. The strategy can guide decision-making on park issues affecting unhoused communities, identifying core values such as harm reduction, reconciliation, and leadership of people with lived experience. 

What we Know: Truth and Reconciliation Must be Advanced in Toronto Parks

5 people standing with a log "Turtle protectors"
Credit: High Park Turtle Protectors, High Park, Toronto.
  • Toronto has taken positive steps with the adoption of a “place-keeping” strategy and engagement with Indigenous peoples in the Toronto Island Park Master Plan. There are also some excellent recommendations for supporting reconciliation in parks in Toronto’s recently passed Reconciliation Action Plan. But concrete resources and action plans must be created to move forward with deeper collaboration and shared stewardship, applying practices already being implemented in Canadian municipalities

Policy Directions:

  • Begin to work immediately with communities to implement and fully fund the recommendations for parks in the Reconciliation Action Plan
  • Expand commitments to working with treaty & territorial partners, urban Indigenous communities and organizations to explore co-management and collaborative governance opportunities in Toronto, including funding for this work.
  • Establish co-management and collaborative governance initiatives with treaty & territorial partners, urban Indigenous communities and organizations in Toronto, which include:
    • Shared decision-making in park management (e.g., permitting)
    • Maintenance practices and stewardship (e.g., plant care)
    • Park (re)naming, programming, and cultural use
    • Park planning and design practices

What we Know: Power Sharing Impacts Communities

A man planting a plant
Credit: TD Park People Grants, Friends of Corktown Common, Corktown, Toronto.

Over the past several years, communities have been actively working to decentralize power in institutional spaces. It is time for Toronto to give communities more decision-making power on the park issues that affect them most, particularly in equity-deserving communities.  

  • A dismal 22% of residents of Canadian cities said they felt they had a voice in influencing decision-making about their local park. 
  • New strategies are needed to ensure people feel able to get involved, including overhauling confusing and costly permits for community programming.
  • The work of Toronto’s park consultation staff on a more meaningful engagement strategy is certainly a step in the right direction, but it’s just the beginning.

Policy Directions:

  • Co-create neighbourhood-level park plans with Toronto residents and community organizations that:
    • Identify opportunities for park improvements, acquisitions, and programming within a defined local area.
    • Examine both the quantity and quality (e.g., amenities, cultural relevance) of public space and opportunities for how parks can contribute to social cohesion.
    • Include all publicly accessible open spaces (e.g. parks, streets, laneways, schoolyards, hydro corridors, etc.).
    • Prioritize “quick start” projects to implement first or trial during the development of the plan so action is not held up.
  • Break down barriers for community programming and offer more targeted support, including:
    • Remove park permit fees for equity-deserving communities as well as all Indigenous programming and cultural ceremonies.
    • Designate a staff contact for engagement with community park groups to facilitate programming opportunities.
    • Reduce barriers to community-based economic development in parks (e.g., local markets, fresh food stands, culturally responsive food kiosks/cafes) through grants, reduced permits, or free/reduced leases.
  • Deepen engagement opportunities and longer-term community involvement:
    • Incorporate discussions of social life and cultural practices into park consultations.
    • Employ local residents to co-lead engagement processes.
    • Fund a community programming plan for after the ribbon is cut.

When you think of a park, what do you see? Maybe it’s children chasing a soccer ball, picnics on sunny afternoons, or joggers winding down leafy trails. But at Park People, we know that the quietest stories can be the most powerful—and that parks hold untapped potential to change lives, especially for seniors.

It may surprise you to learn that seniors—who make up nearly 20% of Canada’s population—represent just 4% of park users. That’s a missed opportunity, because the benefits are profound. According to a study by CARP, living near a park reduces loneliness in seniors at a rate four times greater than even having children.

That’s where Park People’s Senior Park Champions program in Metro Vancouver comes in.

Every year, we support a group of inspiring older adults in Metro Vancouver to reclaim their place in nature by leading events in their local parks. With hands-on training, peer mentorship, and seed funding, each Senior Champion becomes a spark in their community—fostering belonging, joy, and wellness one gathering at a time.

2024 Park Senior Champions. Credit: Park People

And the impact? It’s nothing short of transformative.

Take Rita Wong, for example. When she joined the program, she wasn’t expecting just how deeply it would affect her. “It improved my physical, mental, spiritual, and emotional well-being,” she said. “It was beyond words.” Through the program, Rita didn’t just find personal growth—she became a vibrant community leader, organizing park events.. Her efforts didn’t stop at the boundaries of a single program; they rippled outward, energizing her entire neighbourhood.

Then there’s C. Wong, whose first year as a Champion in 2023 offered a powerful window into the importance of intergenerational and cross-cultural connection. Hosting events that brought together Indigenous community members and local seniors in East Vancouver, C. Wong saw firsthand how nature could serve as a meeting ground for healing and unity—even through the rain. Inspired, they returned the following year as a mentor in 2024, championing inclusivity for differently abled individuals and those of non-normative gender identities.

“It deepened my understanding of the barriers people face, and strengthened my commitment to building truly inclusive communities.”

C. Wong, Park Senior Champions in 2023

Butterfly Garden event organized by Dennis Josey, 2024 Park Senior Champion.

And innovation didn’t stop there.

One particularly heartwarming initiative emerged last year when a group of senior leaders asked a simple but powerful question: What about those who can’t come to the park? Their answer was beautifully creative. Using natural elements, sensory materials, calming sounds, and projected visuals, they brought nature indoors, creating immersive environments for individuals with disabilities who were unable to join outdoor activities. These gentle, multi-sensory experiences offered participants a chance to feel the forest floor, listen to birdsong, and gaze at blooming meadows—all from within the comfort of their own spaces.

These indoor sessions became some of the most popular events in the program, drawing up to 30 participants each time. Their success highlights not just a growing demand for accessible nature-based programming, but also the ingenuity of community-led solutions rooted in empathy. These Champions proved that you don’t have to be outside to feel connected to nature—you just have to be welcomed in.

To date, 30 Senior Champions have engaged 600+ seniors across Metro Vancouver in inclusive, meaningful ways. And this year, it could be your turn.

As a Senior Park Champion, you’ll receive:

  • A $600 honorarium
  • Three in-depth training workshops
  • Seed funding for supplies, guest speakers, or refreshments
  • Ongoing support and mentorship
  • Access to Park People’s network and grant opportunities

You’ll have the freedom to create events that reflect your passions—be it Tai Chi under the trees, birdwatching mornings, knitting circles, Indigenous plant walks, art in the park, or cozy indoor nature retreats. Whatever your vision, we’re here to help you bring it to life.

Because the Senior Champion Program is more than events. It’s a movement of older adults reclaiming their place as leaders, connectors, and caretakers of community and nature.

People sitting in a forest
Forest bathing event organized by Tamiko Suzuki, 2024 Park Senior Champion.

Apply now to become a Senior Park Champion—and help make your neighbourhood a little more connected, inclusive, and vibrant.

“When we make space for seniors in our parks, we grow more than community—we grow care.”

Michelle Cutts, Director of Communications and Development

Edmonton’s approach to creating safe, inclusive public washrooms

This case study is part of the 2023 Canadian City Parks Report, showcasing Inspiring projects, people, and policies from across Canada that offer tangible solutions to the most pressing challenges facing city parks.

Summary

  • Edmonton’s washroom attendant program hires people with employment barriers through a local social enterprise to monitor and maintain public washrooms.
  • Outcomes of the attendant program include improved safety and cleanliness, reduced washroom repair costs, fewer overdoses, and creation of new job opportunities.
  • In 2023, Edmonton launched a new grant for community organizations and businesses to expand washroom access, with priority given to areas with significant park programming.

Public washrooms are a park necessity. Indeed, in our public survey, year-round public washrooms were the top amenity respondents said they would like to see more of in parks. They are also an essential part of a human rights approach to park design—an increasingly important lens as many cities continue to grapple with a houselessness crisis.

But ensuring washrooms are accessible, safe, and well-maintained is a challenge for many cities.

Out of order sign on a washroom door
Credit: Rebecca Pinkus

In Edmonton, the city is tackling these challenges head-on through experimenting with creative approaches to enhance washroom provision, safety, and upkeep.

One of the city’s most successful initiatives is the washroom attendant program, which sees staff hired to monitor and maintain public washrooms in locations with significant safety concerns. Staff are hired in partnership with Hiregood, a local social enterprise that provides employment opportunities to those who have lived experience of houselessness and poverty and may face barriers in the job market.

First launched as a 3-month pilot in December 2019, the program has since expanded from 3 to 12 sites, employing approximately 100 full-time and part-time staff. While the first locations were in parks and public spaces, the attendant program now operates in select Edmonton libraries and transit stations as well.

“We had some washrooms that you’d be scared to go and use. But now, because you have folks monitoring and supervising the washroom, there’s been a remarkable improvement in terms of safety and cleanliness.”

Samson Awopeju, Program Manager of the Public Washrooms Strategy at the City of Edmonton.

In addition to washroom maintenance, attendants are trained in de-escalation and equipped with harm reduction supplies. There have been fewer overdoses at sites with attendants, Awopeju noted, and in some locations the overall improvement in safety has been so marked that there is reduced police presence in the area.

Another unexpected benefit of the program was that Edmonton was able to keep its washrooms open during the early days of the pandemic, when many cities were shutting their doors.

These benefits have inspired Calgary to launch its own version modeled after Edmonton’s, with washroom attendants currently being piloted in two downtown parks.

In addition to making existing washrooms more inviting through the attendant program, the city is also testing creative approaches to expand washroom access across the city.

This year, Edmonton launched a new granting program for non-profits and businesses to expand washroom access. The $5000 grants, many of which were awarded to community leagues that operate park programming, can be used to install portable toilets or cover increased maintenance costs for businesses that open their washrooms to the broader public beyond paying customers.

“It’s just financially not possible to put washrooms everywhere. And in such locations, that’s where we want to encourage businesses or community organizations to help.”

Samson Awopeju, Program Manager of the Public Washrooms Strategy at the City of Edmonton.

All of these initiatives feed into the city’s forthcoming Public Washroom Strategy, set to be released in early 2024. The strategy will include demographic mapping to help identify areas in the city where washroom investments should be prioritized.

The goal, as Awopeju puts it, is “to make sure that everybody has access to washrooms, regardless of who you are.”

Recommendations

  • Hire washroom attendants, ideally in partnership with a local social enterprise, as a way to improve washroom safety and upkeep while also providing employment opportunities to equity-deserving groups.
  • Develop a citywide public washroom strategy that incorporates demographic mapping to make informed decisions about where to prioritize investing in washroom facilities and staffing.
  • Consider a granting program for community organizations and businesses to fill strategic gaps in the city’s public washroom network, particularly in areas with a high volume of park programming.

Indigenous Storytelling & Ravine Ecology

In this webinar, storyteller Hillary Clermont, historian and artist Philip Cote, and Indigenous grower Isaac Crosby connect Toronto’s Indigenous history to current Indigenous-led ecology work, to help understand how we can deepen our connection to the plants and animals of our land and ravines.

The webinar is held in English; French subtitles are available.

Change, Hope, and Tension: Perspectives and Practices on Making Green Spaces BIPOC Inclusive

A Candid Conversation in Celebration of Park People’s 10 Year Anniversary

This webinar explores the barriers and opportunities for creating parks as natural places for engagement across differences.

*The webinar title comes from Jay Pitter, an award-winning placemaker whose practice mitigates growing divides in cities across North America.

The session is held in English; French subtitles are available.

Panel

At Park People, we believe parks are vital to the health of Canada’s cities and our environment, and everyone—regardless of their income, identity, ability, or age—deserves equal access to the benefits of public green space.

Yet not everyone experiences parks in the same way. Systemic racism and white supremacy are prevalent and visible in our parks and public spaces where Black, Indigenous and racialized people experience suspicion, surveillance, harassment, and violence.

Our Canadian City Parks Report found Black, Indigenous, and people of colour were far more likely to report that concerns about policing, ticketing, and social judgment prevented them from visiting parks as much as they’d like. 

It’s clear we must do more to address the reality that in their current form, Canada’s parks are not for everyone.  

Park People is actively working with communities across Canada to disrupt and dismantle the implicit and explicit structures of power, privilege, and racism in parks and public spaces. 

Here are some useful reports, articles, toolkits, and webinars that we’re reviewing to better educate ourselves in this work. We hope you’ll join us.

Racism in Canada is Ever-Present, But We Have a Long History of Denial, Maija Kappler, May 2020

  • Kappler confronts what she describes as Canada’s “angel complex” in comparing ourselves more favourably against the anti-Black racism that exists in the United States. She documents the long history of anti-Black racism in Canada and its contemporary expression, and also links it with our prevalent anti-Indigenous racism. 

Policing Black Lives: State Violence in Canada from Slavery to the Present, Robyn Maynard, 2017.

  • Through in-depth research, Maynard traces the roots of present day anti-Black racism, surveillance, and policing to Canada’s 200-year history of slavery. She writes of how “both historically and in the present, policing Blackness occurs alongside and as a part of the policing of Canada’s Indigenous communities,” as a way of upholding “the aims of settler colonialism.”

Subdivided, Ed. Jay Pitter and John Lorinc. 2016.

  • Through essays from a variety of voices, Subdivided challenges us to move beyond mottos like Toronto’s “diversity is our strength” to meaningfully integrate anti-racist and urban justice work into how we build our cities. While the book centres on the Greater Toronto Area, its essays on subjects such as policing, arts, housing, mental health, and public space are relevant across Canada.

Why Race Matters in Planning Public Parks, Brentin Mock, March 2016

  • Mock writes about how the tendency to privilege white voices in public consultation perpetuates inequities in how parks are planned and designed. He shares a study of a Houston parks planning process that specifically engaged Black and Latino communities, and argues that cities “need to be inclusive of voices typically under-represented in planning processes, namely those of racial minorities and low-income populations.”

Public Space, Park Space, and Racialized Space, KangJae Lee, January 2020

  • Lee writes about the social construction of parks as “white spaces.” When public spaces are “conceptualized, built, and managed by upper- and middle-class white males,” he writes, “the presence of people of color can be perceived as out of the ordinary, dangerous, or criminal.” 

Placemaking When Black Lives Matter, Annette Koh, April 2017

  • In calling for a “politics of placemaking”, Koh urges public space professionals to engage deeper with systemic racial and class inequities. Discussing Jane Jacobs’ notion that neighbourhoods need “eyes on the street”, Koh writes, “we should ask ourselves if those eyes are attached to a person socialized to see non-white people as inherently dangerous.” 

Being Black in Public, Jay Pitter, November 2024

  • How can municipalities move from awareness to action? The BEING BLACK IN PUBLIC SURVEY is a bi-national survey—developed by Jay Pitter Placemaking and administered by the Institute for Social Research—which examined the public space policies, design approaches and unspoken social attitudes that both diminish and enhance Black peoples’ experiences when navigating cities. 

Parks Need Leaders of Colour, Park People, July 2021

  • In this story from our Canadian City Parks Report, we share research, quotes, and policy examples of how people working in parks and public space are responding to grassroots racial justice movements that call for the elimination of power imbalances in park design and operations and the right to exist, and thrive, in public space.

Urban Parks and Forests Are Missing in Racialized and Marginalized Neighbourhoods, Nature Canada, March 2022

  • A summary of Nature Canada’s research which suggest we consider three interrelated dimensions of equity for racialized and low-income communities when expanding urban parks and green spaces: the proximity of parks and green spaces, the quality of these spaces, and increasing the voice and power of racialized and marginalized communities in governance and the planning and managing urban parks and forests.

Place Driving Equity, Reimagining the Civic Commons, November 2021

  • An evidence-based action guide on the role of public space for shared prosperity, compiled from the discussions of a multi-city working group of practitioners and thought leaders. It features research, policy recommendations and actions that can advance more equitable communities through investments in public space.

A renewed attention on environmental equity and justice, National Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health, December 2022.

  • This webinar discusses the development and implementation of HealthyPlan.City, a tool that allows environmental health professionals, policymakers, planners, and advocacy groups alike to explore where environmental inequities are occurring in cities across Canada.

Five Ways Urban Planners Are Addressing a Legacy of Inequity, Jon Gorey, May 2023

  • The urban planning profession has directly contributed to the systemic racism and segregation that plague US cities. In this blog from the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, Gorey spotlights urban planners who are trying to atone for that legacy through tangible strategies with the goal of creating inclusive, equitable communities.

Race and Nature in the City Engaging Youth of Colour in Nature-Based Activities, Jacqueline L. Scott & Ambika Tenneti, April 2021

  • An in-depth, community-informed needs assessment of youth of colour in the Greater Toronto Area led to these tangible recommendations for meaningfully engaging racialized communities in nature and nature-based programming in urban areas.

How the City of North Vancouver is addressing the inclusion gap in park stewardship programs

This case study is part of the 2023 Canadian City Parks Report, showcasing Inspiring projects, people, and policies from across Canada that offer tangible solutions to the most pressing challenges facing city parks.

Summary

  • The City of North Vancouver is working to better engage equity-deserving groups in its longstanding Park Stewards program, including people who are underhoused, newcomers, and at-risk youth.
  • Outreach strategies include building partnerships with local community organizations, organizing stewardship events tailored to specific groups, and conducting participant exit interviews with honoraria.
  • Steps taken to address barriers include providing free bus passes to stewardship events, arranging for staff to travel with participants to events, and conducting regular in-person outreach visits to partner organizations.

In Park People’s recent survey of stewardship program participants in large urban parks, 97% said stewardship contributes to their mental well-being, and 90% to their physical health. Yet, our survey also hinted at critical gaps in who has access to these benefits, with participants disproportionately identifying as cis-gendered women, able-bodied and white.

Two people dealing with invasive plant in a lake, with building in the background
Park stewardship program, Stanley Park, Vancouver, Stanley Park Ecology Society

In North Vancouver, the city was noticing similar gaps in its City Park Stewards program—a city-led initiative established in 2001 that offers monthly volunteer events where residents can engage in activities like invasive pulls, native plantings, and educational workshops. To help reach under-represented groups, the city applied for a $5000 grant from BC Healthy Communities intended to support upstream health benefits in the community.

“We applied with the idea that we could enhance community cohesion and sense of belonging through the park stewardship program by increasing inclusivity and diversity.”

Anu Garcha, Planning Assistant at the City of North Vancouver

When the grant was successful, the city began outreach to partner organizations that serve diverse populations including underhoused communities, newcomers, and at-risk youth, as well as promoting through other city programs like English classes at the public library.

“Building these relationships is very important because it helps us connect with different people in the community.”

Anu Garcha

At the end of the events, city staff invite participants to share feedback about their experience in a voluntary exit interview. The interview includes prompts about whether participants felt welcome and included, the impact of the events on their sense of connection to others and the environment, and ideas for improvement. Importantly, interview participants are offered honoraria in recognition of their time and insights.

Participants have shared many benefits from the program, including discovering new green spaces, learning more about local ecology, and making new friends.

City staff are taking direction from the interviews to continue maximizing these benefits, said Angela Negenman, Environmental Coordinator at the City of North Vancouver.

A woman removing invasive plants
Park stewardship program, Lost Lagoon in Stanley Park, Vancouver

“For those experiencing homelessness, maybe this is something that could give them an edge to get a landscaping job, right? If we are able to figure out what those things are through this process, we’ll be able to improve the program.”

Angela Negenman, Environmental Coordinator at the City of North Vancouver

The conversations have also unearthed important barriers. For example, city staff learned that getting to the events can be a challenge—not just in terms of accessing transportation, but also feeling comfortable venturing to new parts of the city. In response, the city has provided free bus passes to participants, and when possible, a staff member from the partner organization accompanies participants to the park.

“I wouldn’t have thought of [these barriers] if they hadn’t been shared with us. It’s definitely eye-opening.”

Angela Negenman

The city held a community meeting with residents who selected a smaller 10,000 square foot space in the park to be a programmed pollinator habitat, which would be stewarded by the community group Cianchino created with ongoing support from the city. In the future Cianchino said she wants to implement a QR code system in locations identified for potential naturalization asking residents to let the city know how they currently use the space.

Supporting community stewards will be a key part of the project’s ongoing success. Working with volunteers, Cianchino led the group’s first “bio blitz,” where residents measure the number of pollinators before the planting of native species this fall. Cianchino also works with the group to discuss what people can do in their own yards to support naturalization efforts. The core of the Eco Park Strategy, she said, is a series of linked habitats and green corridors,

“and you can’t just do that through public land. It’s critical that we educate landowners and help them build capacity to naturalize their spaces in a manner that works for them.”

Karley Cianchino, City of Brampton Environmental Project Specialist

Another learning is that outreach is more effective ‘offline,’ through posters and in-person visits, and must be ongoing, as there is high turnover at many of these organizations. For example, participants from a local shelter are often only there for short-term stays.

It’s not just participants who benefit from the park stewards program. For the city, the program is important in educating the public, building ongoing stewardship habits, and restoring degraded natural areas.

Another unexpected benefit is a morale boost for parks staff. Negenman noted that for operations staff involved with the program, engaging directly with the community and seeing public education in action “just gives them a different perspective on the work.”

These are benefits that Negenman knows firsthand, too: “it’s definitely inspiring, it fills my bucket.”

Recommendations

  • Create a welcoming entry point for people who are new to stewardship by hosting a custom kick-off event in partnership with a local organization that serves the community you are trying to reach.
  • Conduct interviews with stewardship participants from equity-deserving communities as a way to build relationships and better understand potential barriers, being sure to offer honoraria.
  • Commit to ongoing, in-person outreach visits to community partner organizations, recognizing that there is often frequent turnover in the people these organizations serve.

At Park People, we believe that parks can play a vital role in reconciliation and decolonization. 

We’re inspired by park projects across the country that are focused on rebuilding trust, sharing knowledge and developing true partnerships between First Nations and settlers, such as The City of Quesnel, BC, which restored ownership of Tingley Park to the Lhtako Dene First Nation, or the agreement between the Tsleil-Waututh Nation and Metro Vancouver Regional Parks.

As a national city parks organization, Park People recognizes that when we speak of municipal parks and public land, we are obscuring the fact that, in most cases, the land that we are speaking of is traditional Indigenous territory. That’s why we share our land acknowledgement on our website and at all Park People events.

As part of our own journey, we want to share some insights from our process developing our land acknowledgement.

Do Your Research

It’s essential that your park group undertake thoughtful research to learn about Indigenous issues globally, nationally, and in your city or region.

Find out which territories your park is situated on and the treaties or covenants that were meant to peaceably govern that land. Use nativeland.ca as a starting point.

You may find conflicting accounts of territorial land rights. Reach out to a local band office, municipal Indigenous Affairs Office, an Indigenous Friendship Centre, or an Indigenous university group to understand the history and rights associated with the land in question.

Discuss Your Learning

Set aside time for your group to discuss your land acknowledgement plan and your broader reconciliation goals.

Create space for members to share meaningful land acknowledgements they’ve heard at other events, literature they’ve read, and news and ideas. This will help create a dialogue to shape your groups’ perspective and commitment. These conversations will also help you to identify champions within your group who can help guide future reconciliation efforts.

Write Your Unique Acknowledgement

Reading a generic land acknowledgement that you don’t understand or feel connected won’t further the goals of truth and reconciliation. Work with your group to write an acknowledgement that reflects the unique history and contemporary character of your park.

Consider how your land acknowledgement can leave listeners with something informative and provocative to ruminate on, long after your event has finished.

Make a Clear Commitment

Writing a land acknowledgement is an opportunity for your group to publicly declare its commitment to working towards allyship and working to dismantle the colonial systems that continue to oppress Indigenous peoples, denying their land-rights and way of life.

Add a commitment to the land acknowledgement that articulates how your group is going to put words into action. Find tangible ways your group can impact this complex and ongoing work.

Seek counsel

Once you feel like you have done your research and written a meaningful land acknowledgement, consider sharing it with a respected member of your local Indigenous community to get their feedback.

Be respectful of their time, and don’t expect accolades for this preliminary effort. Use the opportunity to express your willingness to engage with the local Indigenous community on the subject of decolonization.

Bring in Indigenous voices

Consider inviting Indigenous-led organizations to attend and participate in your group’s events and gatherings whenever appropriate. 

Plan in advance how to compensate those who participate by sharing their time, expertise and knowledge.



Make use of these great resources in the next steps of your journey towards decolonizing your park work

Ravines and Resilience – Toronto’s Ravines and Climate Change

Our city and our ravines were shaped by past extreme weather events. Looking ahead, our ravines can help us be more climate-resilient. But first, we need to protect them.

In this webinar, David MacLeod, Senior Environmental Specialist with the City of Toronto, and Carbon Conversations TO explore how these natural spaces can mitigate climate impacts and the steps we must take to protect them.

The webinar is held in English; French subtitles are available.