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Parks are vibrant spaces where we can connect to nature, ecology, and sustainability—right within Canada’s urban centres. 

Parks are also delicate ecosystems. As visitors, we all have a role to play in protecting plants and wildlife and ensuring that we leave no waste behind.

We’ve prepared this planning guide to help you plan a fabulous zero-waste event that leaves your park just as healthy as you found it.

Consider Your Community’s Needs

Each community has different opportunities and challenges when it comes to reducing its waste at park events. For example, some parks may have fewer garbage cans and recycling facilities for people to use, while others may have residents who feel more comfortable using single-serve packaging when at public events.

Before you start planning your event, ask yourself:

  • What is the current state of waste in my park? Is there often a lot of garbage around? If so, why might this be?
  • Are there suitable recycling bins for people to use? Are they clearly labelled and visible?
  • Have I seen signs for zero-waste activities before? Are park visitors used to seeing these kinds of events in this area, or will I need to explain what they are?
  • Are there local organizations that promote recycling, environmental activism, or park cleanup events that I could contact for advice?

Once you’ve determined what information or resources your community might need to support your zero-waste goal, it’s time to make a plan!

Create Your Zero-Waste Plan

The exact details of your zero-waste plan will be different depending on your community’s needs, but the following checklist provides a handy template for you to start with.

Choosing Your Venue

  • To reduce the need for car travel, consider selecting a park with public transportation access and bike racks.
  • Visit your park in advance, and make note of the waste bins and water fountains. If your park doesn’t have them, plan to bring clearly labeled bins for compost and recycling, and set up a water bottle refill station, if possible.

Communicating with Participants

  • Clearly communicate your sustainability goals to participants, vendors, and volunteers. Define what “zero-waste” means for your event, and make it easy for people to follow your instructions. For example, if you’re asking people to bring only reusable items, list them! (water bottles, cups, plates, utensils, cloth napkins, etc.)
  • Consider offering incentives like discounts or raffle entries to participants who bring reusables or follow other zero-waste protocols.
  • Use social media, email, or a website to spread the word instead of printed flyers.

Selecting Materials

  • When it comes to decorations, skip the balloons, glitter, and other single-use items. Instead, choose natural, reusable, or recycled decorations like fabric bunting, potted plants, and chalkboards for signs. 
  • Avoid giveaways with disposable or non-recyclable items. Instead, consider sharing seedlings or other great (and sustainable!) gifts. 
  • If you’re serving food, consider renting reusable dishware, asking participants to bring their own plates, or use compostable options. If you’re ordering food, choose vendors who use compostable packaging, who commit to reducing food waste, or who demonstrate other eco-friendly practices.
  • Bring backup: no matter how many reminders you send, someone is bound to forget about your zero-waste protocols. Plan to pack a few extra reusable items like cups, napkins, etc. as needed.

Reducing Food Waste

  • Food may be organic, but food waste is still a serious problem for our environment. To reduce food waste, encourage RSVPs and only bring/order as much food as your participant numbers require. Make a plan on how you’ll distribute any leftover food when the event is over.

Post-Event Activities

  • Ensure the park is left as clean (or cleaner) than it was before the event. You might want to assign volunteers in advance who can do a final sweep. 
  • Conduct a waste audit: measure any waste your event generated to understand your success and any areas for improvement. Report back to the community about the event’s zero-waste achievements, and acknowledge everyone’s efforts in making the event sustainable.

Build Waste Education Into Your Park Event


To go the extra mile, combine your zero-waste event with engaging and informative waste education activities. For example, at Park People’s end-of-season potluck celebration, we invited participants to decide whether common household waste items should be put into the garbage, recycling, or food waste bins.

You might choose to host eco-friendly workshops on topics like upcycling, gardening, or composting demonstrations, or incorporate nature-focused activities like guided walks or clean-ups.

Your goal is to show how fun, easy, and accessible zero-waste activities can be!

It takes a village to make a park look beautiful! While picking up garbage might not seem like an appealing activity at first, people enjoy cleanups because they get to see the tangible results of their efforts and feel more connected to their local park.

As our Earth Day webinar made clear, cleanup events are a great way to inspire a collective love and commitment to your park among your neighbours—one that can have lasting effects on your community and on the environment.

Here’s a 5-step plan to make your park clean-up a great community event.

Contact your City

Your municipality is an incredible resource for your park group to engage in your cleanup activities, and on an ongoing basis. They can help you plan and promote your event and access resources that you may need to get started.

Begin by contacting your park supervisor about your plans to organize a cleanup, especially if this is your first park event. Your park supervisor can tell you what permits you might need, explain waste disposal protocols, and possibly connect you with other park enthusiasts who can join in the cleanup effort.

Many municipalities also host city-wide cleanup days that new community park groups can join. Taking part in coordinated cleanup day will allow your group to access many resources that may not otherwise be available to you, like garbage bags and gloves. Plus, the city’s promotional reach will help you reach new people. Ask your park supervisor about any upcoming city-wide cleanup days.

Find Strength In Numbers

It’s not just cities who help coordinate cleanups. For example, The Great Canadian Shoreline Cleanup is a conservation partnership by Ocean Wise and WWF-Canada. They offer support to anyone who’d like to coordinate a shoreline cleanup (if your park connects to water in any way—a creek, stream, marsh, or even storm drains—this includes you!).

Do some research to see what other organizations, networks, or events might be relevant to your park, and who might want to partner up with you on your event. Your neighbourhood is likely full of non-profit groups, community organizations and individuals, all of whom could lend a hand to your clean up and bring new communities of interest to your park events. For example, you could approach a local bike co-op to offer tune-ups for cyclists at your event, or invite an environmental organization to help educate people on the steps they can take to reduce their waste footprint.

Finally, consider approaching a local business to sponsor your event by offering small rewards like reusable water bottles, gift cards, or other prizes for participants.

Plan, Promote, and Prepare

Start your event plan with a walk through of the park space: how accessible is the environment? Are there paved paths for people to walk on, or mostly uneven terrain? Are there washrooms or water fountains open for participants to use? Approximately how much garbage is there currently, and how many volunteers might it take to clean it thoroughly? Take notes during your walkthrough and talk through your findings with your team. What information is important to pass along to your participants?

Next, you may wish to use an online tool, such as Evenbrite or Google Forms, to promote your event, manage volunteers, collect RSVPs, and provide pre-event instructions such as weather updates, accessibility information, and guidance on suitable event attire (long pants and closed-toes shoes are best!). When you’re ready to launch, use social media, local bulletin boards, email newsletters, and word-of-mouth to promote your event. Ask your neighbors about their recommendations for good places to promote the event, such as any local Facebook groups. You may also want to invite journalists from a community newspaper or local bloggers/social media influencers to cover the event.

Finally, it’s time to prepare your supplies. You’ll want to consider offering:

  • Trash bags (preferably compostable or recyclable)
  • Recycling and composting bins
  • Gloves (reusable if possible)
  • Grabbers or litter pickers
  • Safety vests for visibility
  • First-aid kits
  • Low-waste drinks snacks (encouraging participants to bring their own containers)
  • Sunscreen
  • Hand sanitizer

Make It a Dynamic Day-Of

Set up a check-in station before your event begins to welcome volunteers, distribute supplies, and provide safety briefings on what to do if they come across hazardous materials. Make sure you also use this welcome opportunity to collect information from the people who arrive: have them sign up for your park groups newsletter and chat with them about how they use the park and their vision for their shared space.

Depending on how many participants you have and how large your park is, it’s best to divide volunteers into small groups assigned to specific areas during the cleanup. If possible, ensure that each group has a representative from your park group to offer support and answer questions as you clean. When you’re finished with your cleanup, separate recyclables, compostables, and landfill waste at the end of the cleanup.

Finally, remember to make it fun throughout! Play music, organize a scavenger hunt, or create challenges like “Who can collect the most candy wrappers/pop cans/red-coloured items/whatever!”

Keep Up the Momentum

When the cleanup is finished, it’s time to celebrate all that you’ve achieved! Take a group photo of your volunteers, and count the weight of the trash collected or the size of the areas cleaned to motivate your participants and promote future events.

In the days following your event, be sure to email your volunteers, partners, sponsors, and the City to thank them for their participation, ask for their input to improve future events, and remind them to stay in touch with your park group—especially if they want to help you organize the next cleanup!

Bridging the Gap: How the park sector can meet today’s complex challenges through collaborations and partnerships

Park People is excited to launch the 2024 Canadian City Parks Report, our sixth annual edition highlighting the most significant trends, issues, and practices shaping Canada’s city parks. 

Watch our special launch webinar to explore our findings:

  • 6 key insights from interviews with park staff and specialists,
  • 9 case studies showcasing inspiring people, projects, and policies from across Canada,
  • Data from surveys of 35 municipalities and over 2,500 residents.

The webinar features an engaging discussion on the future of city parks, with guest speakers from the City of Victoria and Greenspace Alliance. They share opportunities and challenges in their work around collaborations and partnerships, across city departments, communities, non-profits, and more.

Recording

Panel

Today, Park People launches the sixth Canadian City Parks Report–and the final iteration of this report in its current form, Bridging the Gap: How the park sector can meet today’s complex challenges through partnerships and collaboration.

Last year, we dove deep into the minds of park managers across the country, interviewing over 44 senior parks staff across 30 municipalities about the trends and challenges in the industry. One of the key insights from that process was a need to find collaboration sweet spots to achieve our many collective parks goals. 

This year’s report expands on that insight by showcasing collaborative examples from across the country and through collecting data from 35 Canadian municipalities, over 2,500 residents of Canadian cities, as well as interviews with park staff and professionals.

Key Insights

Through that process we found six key insights related to collaborations and partnerships:

  • Park budgets are not keeping pace with need.
    • Years of insufficient parks operations budgets are challenging city parks departments and coinciding with a slip in resident satisfaction.
    • 78% of cities said insufficient budgets meant inadequate staffing levels, while 75% said it meant delays in park projects or planning.
  • Residents feel disempowered, but want to engage.
    • While residents want to get more involved in parks, city parks departments struggle with limited resources to provide opportunities for long-term engagement. 
    • 83% of cities said that with limited resources it can be difficult to conduct ongoing, proactive community engagement beyond standard consultation on park projects.
  • Mental and physical health benefits are key, but lack proactive programs.
    • Mental and physical health are the top benefits of park use for residents, presenting a big opportunity for cities to further these impacts with specific programs. 
    • 95% and 93% of residents believe parks play a positive role in their physical and mental health, respectively.
  • Departmental structures can promote collaboration–or disconnection.
    • A minority of cities structure their parks departments with operations and design together, potentially leading to gaps between what gets built and how it gets maintained.
    • Nearly ⅓ of cities said their organizational structure makes it difficult for parks staff to collaborate with other divisions/departments. 
  • Partnerships are critical, but cities need policies and structures.
    • City parks departments recognize the benefit of partnerships, but struggle with the policies and procedures to navigate them with ease. 
    • 61% of cities said a barrier to partnerships with nonprofits was an inability to meet municipal standards.
  • Growing park issues require more training and collaborations.
    • There are big issues facing parks and residents want to see cities act, but to do so park staff need more training and collaborations with other city departments.
    • 92% of cities agreed that in recent years parks departments are facing increased pressure to address issues beyond “traditional” parks issues.

In this report you’ll find:

  • A roundup and analysis of the latest park data showcasing trends and challenges  from our surveys of over 2,500 Canadian residents and 35 municipalities across Canada–our most ever surveyed.
  • A library of nine case studies from across the country featuring inspiring projects that provide tangible recommendations for how to spur action in your own city. 
  • A listing of 35 City Profiles with the latest data from parkland provision goals, to parks amenities, to budgets.

Case studies

How does the City of Victoria’s Get Growing Victoria program take a food justice approach to provide gardening supplies to communities at risk of food insecurity, including those experiencing houselessness, Indigenous and racialized communities, seniors, and youth.

How Toronto is transforming future park spaces into temporary public areas through partnerships, letting residents enjoy them now while planning for long-term park development.

How partnerships across city departments and with local community groups helped the City of Charlottetown recover from Hurricane Fiona’s devastating winds.

How Mississauga is expanding parkland in a growing neighborhood to meet future demand through a cooperative, long-term property purchase plan.

How a temporary plaza in Montreal’s Parc Marcelin-Wilson was created to offer a gathering space for youth, with design improvements informed by Metalude’s insights through direct observations and youth engagement.

How an agreement between the Tsleil-Waututh Nation and Metro Vancouver Regional Parks provides a path for shared cultural planning.

How can municipalities move from awareness to action? A conversation with Jay Pitter about Black people’s experiences in parks and public spaces.

How Waterfront Toronto is raising the bar on inclusivity through their Waterfront Accessibility Design Guidelines.

How Nature Canada is building a web of partners at all scales to help Canada achieve its biodiversity conservation goals.

Launch Webinar: Watch the Recording

In questioning the future of our health and well-being, the health of our planet and how connected we feel to the rest of nature–and the equity issues inherent to all this–it’s easy to feel powerless. Multiple unique challenges suggest the need for multiple unique solutions, which may be difficult when there’s so much to pay attention to.  

The new Cornerstone Parks Reports on Stewardship and Park Use allow us to change how we think. What if the same approaches that improve the planet’s health also strengthen its people’s health and happiness? And what if those activities are as within-reach as our local urban park? A growing body of evidence suggests that shared solutions to multiple challenges are at our fingertips.

Source: Park People – Stanley Park, Vancouver

Happy, Healthy, Hands-On

The new Cornerstone Parks Reports on Stewardship and Park Use (High Park ReportStanley Park ReportMount Royal Report) combine findings from 796 individual survey responses throughout 2021 and 2022 to demonstrate large urban parks’ impact on communities’ connectedness to nature and–by extension–their health and happiness

Surveys show that most park users (67%) who visit the large urban parks being studied spend their time participating in social and recreational activities rather than nature-focused ones (33%). And yet, the higher park users rate their nature-connectedness, the higher they report their physical health, mental health, and overall well-being.

People who engage in hands-on, nature-focused activities and park stewardship (over other park activities) report powerful social connections; a sense of belonging, meaning and purpose in their lives; greater physical health; and overall life satisfaction. To summarize, a healthier, happier life may begin with getting our hands dirty.

Source: Les Amis de la montagne – Mount Royal, Montréal

How Cornerstone Parks Cultivate Well-being

Large urban parks like High Park in Toronto, Stanley Park in Vancouver, and Mount Royal in Montreal are essential spaces for city-dwellers to access and connect with nature, including through park stewardship.

“Park stewardship” refers to park-based programs or events that invite volunteers to care for the land we’re a part of and depend on. Park stewardship can include removing invasive species, planting native species, inventorying or monitoring plants and wildlife, or removing litter, among other activities. 

Among Cornerstone Park stewardship participants, 98% of those surveyed said that volunteering as stewards contributes to feeling connected to living things and the environment. Surveyed volunteers also said that participating in stewardship enables stronger feelings of nature-connectedness than engaging in recreational activities (75% vs 51%, respectively). 

Knowing that there’s an association between nature connection and health suggests that participating in park stewardship could significantly impact health more than general park use.

Source: High Park Nature Centre – High Park, Toronto

By the Numbers

Our survey findings show that:

0%

of volunteer stewards said stewardship makes them feel happy and satisfied

0%

said stewardship contributes to their mental well-being

0%

said stewardship contributes to their physical health

In greater detail:

0%

of stewards agreed that stewardship contributes to them developing and maintaining social connections (only 73% said the same about recreational activities)

0%

of stewards agreed that stewardship contributes to their sense of belonging to a community (only 69% said the same about recreational activities)

0%

of stewards agreed that stewardship contributes to a sense of meaning and purpose in their lives (only 74% said the same about recreational activities)

Those participating in park stewardship more often rate their physical health and life satisfaction higher. People who participate in stewardship activities 20 or more times per year rate their life satisfaction the highest–even higher than those who engage in park recreation daily!

Source: Stanley Park Ecology Society – Stanley Park, Vancouver

Health and Happiness for Whom?

Unfortunately, our findings also show that some communities are less engaged in park stewardship. The majority of those who participate in stewardship identify as cis-gendered women (68%), able-bodied (86%) and white (76%). 

With many communities under-represented in these parks and their programs, not everyone can access the health and social benefits experienced by park stewards. 

Park user surveys also revealed that nature connections are weaker amongst specific demographics:

0%

of park users who identify as a visible minority felt strongly connected to nature (73% of white park users said the same)

0%

of park users born outside of Canada felt strongly connected to nature (73% of those born in Canada said the same)

People with a disability also felt significantly less connected to nature than their able-bodied counterparts. In both 2021 and 2022, 0% of park stewards surveyed indicated that they had a visible disability.

If certain communities are left out of stewardship programs and feel generally disconnected from nature, it’s reasonable to assume that this may impact their health.

Mind the Gaps 

Large urban parks have a meaningful opportunity to diversify their visitors and stewards. With current gaps in mind, founding Cornerstone Parks High Park, Stanley Park, and Mount Royal prioritize innovative programs that engage equity-deserving communities in park stewardship. The proof is in the numbers. From 2021 to 2022:

0%

increase in the number of newcomers participating in stewardship at Cornerstone Parks

0%

increase in the number of stewards who are BIPOC

This increase in inclusivity is thanks to innovative programs like:

Source: High Park Nature Centre – High Park, Toronto

What’s Next for Cornerstone Parks 

The Cornerstone Parks program is currently announcing new partnerships that maximize the impact and influence of Canada’s large urban parks. They include the Darlington Ecological Corridor* in Montreal, Quebec; the Everett Crowley Park Committee and Free the Fern in Vancouver, BC; and the Meewasin Valley Authority in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.  

The Cornerstone Parks network is excited to grow with them and measure how their stewardship work improves the lives of their diverse communities, all while helping their cities adapt to current and future crises such as climate change.

A Way Forward

Environmental health, human health, and equity are complex. But we can work smarter, not harder, with solutions that nurture ourselves, the planet, and each other simultaneously. If we follow the evidence that participating in environmental stewardship leads to better health and greater happiness–and if we commit to extending those well-being benefits to more equity-deserving communities–the solution-seeking potential of our actions is multiplied.

To get our hands dirty is to reclaim power, especially in times of change. Canada’s large urban parks are the sites that show us how. Through innovative programs, they connect communities to nature and each other. The closer every Canadian is to a Cornerstone Park, the closer they are to tangible solutions: for now and for the future. 

Dive deeper into the findings of our Cornerstone Parks Reports on Stewardship and Park Use, and follow us as we expand our network of Cornerstone Parks. 

Cornerstone Reports on Park Use and Stewardship:

Park People launches the fifth annual Canadian City Parks Report, Surfacing Solutions: How Addressing Conflict and Reframing Challenges as Opportunities Can Create More Equitable and Sustainable Parks.

Over the past five years of the Canadian City Parks Report, our goal has always been to tell a story—the story of where city parks are going and where they need to go. 

This year, we took an even deeper approach to gathering these stories. We sat down for interviews with 44 senior parks staff across 30 municipalities, who generously shared with us the challenges they are facing, the projects and people inspiring them, and their vision for the future of city parks.

In the report, we weave together the themes we heard from those conversations with the data we gathered from our surveys of 35 municipalities and over 2000 residents of Canadian cities. 

Key Insights

Dive into the pdf to read about our key insights on trends and challenges in city parks:

  1. Plan for higher park use  –  Preparing for the new normal of a higher baseline of park use
  2. Refocus on quality  –  Ensuring the parks we have are performing at their best
  3. Explore new park typologies and funding arrangements  –  Identifying new types of parks for growing, urbanizing cities
  4. Prioritize public education along with naturalization  –  Growing support for naturalization efforts through public education
  5. Systematize climate resilience park improvements  –  Embedding climate resilience within park designs to safeguard the future
  6. Deepen the focus on park equity  – Moving beyond amenity distribution to look at the social side of park equity
  7. Adopt rights-based encampment strategies  –  Working with unhoused communities to find solutions with dignity
  8. Experiment with flexible designs and policies to manage conflicting use  –  Addressing use conflicts so parks can work better for more people
  9. Increase funding and support for community involvement  –  Supporting community involvement beyond one-time capital projects
  10. Find the internal collaboration sweet spots  –  Leveraging departmental collaborations to achieve multiple overlapping goals

Case studies

As cities struggle to find and pay for new park space to meet growth needs, some argue that a shift towards focusing on quality is part of the solution.

Discover Vancouver’s ambitious parks and recreation master plan, using innovative mapping to guide equity-led parkland investment.

Brampton leads the way with its Eco Park Strategy, a citywide initiative focused on naturalization projects that preserve and enhance natural and cultural heritage.

How the City of North Vancouver is working to better engage equity-deserving groups in its longstanding Park Stewards program, including people who are underhoused, newcomers, and at-risk youth.

The Montreal’s Darlington Ecological Corridor bridges urban and natural spaces while addressing both ecological restoration and social needs through meaningful partnerships.

A look into the logistics of collaborative governance in a large urban park with Meewasin Valley Authority in Saskatoon.

Learn more about the District of Saanich’s collaborative approach to tackling conflict over off-leash dog parks.

How cities are navigating the benefits and challenges of privately owned public spaces (POPS) through creative policies and guidelines on design, stewardship, and public programming.

Restoring the Don River’s natural flow, Toronto’s renaturalization project enhances biodiversity, mitigates flooding, and reconnects the city with its waterways.

Public washrooms are a park necessity.. Discover Edmonton’s approach to creating safe, inclusive public washrooms.

Bill 23: A conversation with Michelle Dobbie, Manager Park and Natural Heritage Planning, City of Richmond Hill.

Launch Webinar: Watch the Recording

Happy reading!

While large natural areas are critical, research shows that small-scale urban biodiversity projects—like pollinator gardens—are critical to healthy city ecosystems. In urban environments, every nook and cranny counts.

In this webinar, hear from experts and advocates on the ecological benefits of these small urban habitats, explore the policies and practices that support (or don’t) this shift and learn how you can start your own tiny habitat – right in your backyard or local park!

The webinar is held in English; French subtitles are available.


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Vibrant parks depend on engaged volunteers -the people-power behind park events as well as park fundraising and marketing efforts. In this webinar, we want to help you develop the creative skills you need to attract and retain park volunteers.

Watch the session to learn best practices for attracting and retaining volunteers, employing good governance practices, and managing burnout and attrition.

The webinar is held in English; French subtitles are available.


Panel

Urban green spaces help mitigate the impacts of climate change by reducing temperatures and lowering flood risk. However, unequal access to these spaces leaves many lower-income, racialized communities more vulnerable to these impacts. Addressing these inequities involves more equitable distribution of green space and changes in how we engage and involve communities in the design and planning of city parks.

Experts from across the country explore what environmental justice means for city parks and how the concept is being applied in Canada.

The webinar is held in English; French subtitles are available.


Panel